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The Pueblo III Era (AD 1150 to 1350) was the third period, also called the "Great Pueblo period" when Ancestral Puebloans lived in large cliff-dwelling, multi-storied pueblo, or cliff-side talus house communities. By the end of the period the ancient people of the Four Corners region migrated south into larger, centralized pueblos in central and southern Arizona and New Mexico. Pueblo III Era (Pecos Classification) is roughly the same as the "Great Pueblo Period" and "Classic Pueblo Period" (AD 1100 to 1300). ==Architecture== During the Pueblo III era most people lived in communities with large multi-storied dwellings. Some moved into community centers at pueblos canyon heads, such as Sand Canyon and Goodman Point pueblos in the Montezuma Valley; Others moved into cliff dwellings on canyon shelves such as Mesa Verde or Keet Seel in the Navajo National Monument. Typical villages had included kivas, towers, and dwellings made with triple coursed (three rows of stones) stone masonry walls.〔(''Pueblo III - Overview.'' ) Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. 2011. Retrieved 10-11-2011.〕〔(''Kayenta Region''. ) Manitou Cliff Dwellings Museum. Retrieved 10-13-2011.〕〔Kantner, John (2004). "Ancient Puebloan Southwest", pp. 161-66〕〔(''Ancestral Pueblo - Pueblo III''. ) Anthropology Laboratories of the Northern Arizona University. Retrieved 10-12-2011.〕 T-shaped windows and doors emerged for both surface and cliff dwellings.〔Lekson, pp. 158, 175-180.〕 * Cliff dwellings were built in shallow caves and under rock overhangs along canyon walls. In Mesa Verde, the structures within the alcoves were mostly made of sandstone blocks and adobe mortar. To build the dwellings, materials had to be brought to the alcove, such as fill dirt to level the cave floor, stones and mortar. Masonry craftsmanship became refined by this period. Stones were shaped and made smooth by pecking away at the surface, leaving a distinctive "dimpled" surface on the stone. The dwellings had sharp square corners. Walls were built to be thick enough to support multiple stories. Floors were made of wood, bark and mud. The most desired caves were those that faced south or southwest to reap the warmth of the winter sun. Doorways were small, covered with stone slabs for warmth. Exterior doorways were rarely built on the first floor. Ventilation holes in the ceilings held ladders for entry into the rooms. Plazas in front of the dwellings were used by women to grind corn, make baskets and clothing and prepare food. Men made their tools and children played there.〔Wenger, Gilbert R. ''The Story of Mesa Verde National Park''. Mesa Verde Museum Association, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, 1991 (edition 1980 ). pp. 47-56. ISBN 0-937062-15-4.〕 * Surface masonry buildings. Not all of the people in the region lived in cliff dwellings; many colonized the canyon rims and slopes in multi-family structures that grew to unprecedented size as the population swelled.〔 * Talus houses were built at the bottom of a cliff, often in front of "cavates" (cave rooms), and were about 5 feet, 8 inches high and 6 by 9 feet in surface area. The rooms were prepared by scooping soft tuff out of the cavity. Cavates is a term classified by archaeologist Edgar Lee Hewett.〔(''Talus House.'' ) Bandelier National Monument, National Park Service. Retrieved 10-15-2011.〕〔(''Main Loop Trail Stop 11.'' ) Bandelier National Monument, National Park Service. Retrieved 10-15-2011.〕 File:MesaVerdeNationalParkCliffPalace.jpg|Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde National Park File:Walls_at_the_Puerco_Pueblo.jpg|Puerco Pueblo walls of up to 100-125 rooms at the Petrified Forest National Park〔(Puerco Pueblo. ) Petrified Forest National Park. Retrieved 10-11-2011.〕 File:Bandelier National Monument Talus House.jpg|Bandelier National Monument Talus House File:Bandelier National Monument Cavates.jpg|Bandelier National Monument Cavates 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pueblo III Period」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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